As organisations evolve, whether through rapid growth, product expansion, or market shifts, one constant challenge remains: how to structure work in a way that balances clarity and fairness for employees with the need for organisational agility. That’s where a job architecture comes in.
A job architecture forms the building blocks of an organisation. It provides a framework for defining and aligning jobs within your organisation based on the type of work performed.
A well-designed job architecture provides the structure to scale your business and the clarity to drive informed decisions. It also provides a foundation to support emerging priorities such as moving to a skills-based approach or responding to new pay transparency legislation.
In a fast-moving environment, building a job architecture is only half the challenge. The real goal is to futureproof it. Here are some tips on how to do this:
To build a resilient and scalable job architecture, make sure you prioritise job families, not just job titles. Job titles often vary across teams and are shaped by legacy systems or personal preferences, making them an unreliable foundation for workforce planning.
Instead, focus on defining job families. These are groups of related jobs within an organisation that share similar skillsets, nature of work and career paths. The essential nature of the activities and the basic skills used will be similar for all roles within a job family. However, the level of responsibility, the skills required to perform the work, and the scope of the role may vary.
Organising work in this way creates a flexible, future-ready framework that can adapt as your organisation evolves.
Clear job levels are crucial for distinguishing roles based on their complexity, scope, and decision-making authority. A robust levelling framework promotes internal equity, helps employees understand their progression opportunities, and gives managers a consistent way to evaluate roles across teams. A well-calibrated levelling structure also underpins effective pay transparency, enabling you to explain how pay is determined for each role.
Critically, a levelling framework futureproofs your job architecture by creating a scalable structure that evolves with your organisation. As new roles are created, they can be easily aligned to the rest of the roles in the organisation using the levelling framework.
As roles evolve and technology advances, integrating skills into your job architecture is essential for long-term resilience. A future-ready skills framework defines the technical and behavioural capabilities needed at each level and across job families.
By embedding skills into job design and your job architecture, you enable more agile talent decisions, which, again, supports internal mobility. A skills-based approach ensures your organisation can respond quickly to change and remain competitive in a constantly shifting landscape.
With rising expectations around transparency, driven by increased legislation, such as the EU Pay Transparency Directive, organisations must ensure that their job architecture can withstand external scrutiny. This means building a structure that is internally consistent, externally benchmarkable, and clearly aligned with your pay strategy and pay principles.
To effectively futureproof, your job architecture should enable roles to be grouped in ways that make potential pay equity issues visible. Technology, particularly AI, can support this by using natural language processing to analyse job content and identify groupings based on work similarity.
Even the best-designed job architecture will age quickly if it is not maintained. Regular reviews will ensure that each element of your job architecture structure remains relevant. Involving senior leaders and people managers in these reviews helps maintain alignment with shifting organisational goals.
In a changing world of work, a strong job architecture provides more than structure — it offers stability, clarity, and a path forward. By focusing on job families, skills, levels, and transparency, you can build a system that not only supports today’s needs but also adapts to future challenges.
The European Union is moving towards a new era of workplace equality with its Pay Transparency Directive. This legislation aims to combat pay discrimination, improve pay progression and close the persistent gender pay gap across EU member states.
The latest data shows an overall EU gender pay gap of 12%, although there is significant variation between countries. Latvia has the highest gap at 19%, and Luxembourg has the lowest at -0.9% (showing that women outearn men).
A key aspect of the Directive that organisations need to pay attention to is its focus on pay progression, which plays a crucial role in achieving long-term pay equity.
Unstructured and unclear processes for awarding pay increases will likely be a key cause of the continuing EU gender pay gap.
Numerous studies have shown that women are less likely to be awarded pay rises, and this is not necessarily due to women asking for them less than men. For example, one study found that women ask for a raise just as often as men, but men are more likely to be successful. Women who asked obtained a raise 15% of the time, while men obtained a pay increase 20% of the time.
Article 6 of the EU Pay Transparency Directive states that: “Employers shall make easily accessible to their workers the criteria that are used to determine workers’ pay progression.”
Pay progression is defined in the Directive as the process by which a worker moves to a higher pay level. The Directive also outlines the criteria related to pay progression and states that these can include individual performance, skills development and seniority.
This means that employers need to be clear on why pay varies across an organisation. They also need to be able to explain the criteria for pay progression and why current pay for one role differs from that of another.
Pay decisions can often be associated with bias and subjectivity. By requiring visibility of progression criteria, the Directive focuses on these practices and aims to eliminate bias from compensation decisions.
The EU Directive is shining a light on fair pay practices and talent management practices, specifically career (and therefore pay) progression and performance management. To comply with the EU Directive, organisations need to have clear mechanisms in place to:
Organisations will need to clearly define and demonstrate the criteria for pay progression both within and between roles.
This involves providing transparency around the specific requirements for progression, including proficiency in technical skills, soft skills, behavioural competencies, knowledge, and relevant experience.
By outlining these criteria, employees can understand what is needed to advance within their current role or transition to higher-level positions. Visibility of these progression standards helps ensure fairness and reduces bias by making career pathways clear and accessible to all employees.
Organisations must demonstrate how employees measure up against progression criteria to justify pay decisions and differentials. This necessitates a robust, unbiased process for assessing employee performance and proficiency against defined progression standards, which is crucial for justifying pay decisions and differentials.
Recent research highlights significant challenges in this area:
These statistics underscore the complexities organisations face in implementing fair and transparent pay progression systems. Without a clear skills taxonomy and proficiency measurements, companies struggle to objectively assess employee performance and justify pay decisions.
Finally, organisations need to establish a mechanism to share their catalogue of jobs, clearly displaying the progression criteria within each job role and between job roles from one level to the next, and how this aligns with their pay structure.
This could involve creating an interactive career framework or skills matrix accessible to all employees via an internal portal or HR system. The framework should illustrate the skills, competencies, and experience required for each role and level alongside corresponding salary bands or ranges.
In summary, to ensure compliance with Article 6 of the EU Pay Transparency Directive, organisations will need to implement clear and robust mechanisms to define, assess and share progression criteria. This involves:
By implementing these measures, organisations can create a more equitable, transparent, and motivating work environment, whilst also meeting the requirements of the EU Directive.
In just over a year, the EU Pay Transparency Directive will mandate the adoption of pay transparency processes and reporting for companies with over 100 employees in the EU.
In preparation, organisations across the EU are grappling with a fundamental question: how to identify potential areas of concern that need to be addressed in advance of the legislation coming into force. The answer lies in a critical component of pay transparency implementation, job groupings.
Job groupings are the organisational equivalent of creating a detailed map before embarking on a complex journey. Properly structured job groupings provide the essential framework for meaningful pay transparency. They serve as the foundation upon which organisations can build equitable reward structures, identify potential pay gaps, and demonstrate compliance with the new Directive.
As Job groupings can be identified from a job architecture, for those organisations with a job architecture in place, they will have the ability to easily identify job groupings and will find themselves at a significant advantage when the Directive comes into force. Not only will these groupings help highlight any pay inequalities that need to be addressed, but they will also provide a structured framework for explaining pay differences based on objective criteria – a key requirement under the new legislation.
In this long-form article, we'll explore what the Directive says about job groupings and what this means for organisations. We will also talk about the different ways of developing job groupings. Finally, we’ll outline how RoleMapper is leveraging machine learning to help organisations with the formation of job groupings and ultimately with compliance with pay transparency legislation.
To comply with the right for employees to know the criteria being used for determining pay and what comparable employees are paid, as well as the equal pay reporting requirements, the EU Directive requires jobs to be grouped into “Categories of Worker”.
The Directive uses the term “categories of worker” to describe job groupings.
The Directive defines ‘category of workers’ as:
"Workers performing the same work or work of equal value grouped in a non-arbitrary manner based on the non-discriminatory and objective gender-neutral criteria”
This means that employees have the right to request, and receive in writing, information on their individual pay level and the average pay levels, broken down by sex, for categories of workers performing the same work as them or work of equal value to theirs.
Although the Directive refers to workers, it is important to consider this as being about jobs and not people. Therefore, we will be referring to job groupings and not worker groupings.
Fundamentally, employees have a right to request information about pay levels for groups of workers who perform what is deemed to be the same work, similar work or work of equal value as them. This means that employees can ask which job grouping they are in and receive information about it. If employers have not grouped jobs in understandable and explainable ways, employees can challenge whether they are in the correct grouping.
Therefore, in advance of the Directive’s implementation, organisations need to ensure they have an up-to-date, well-structured job architecture in place. From this, job groupings can be determined to show which jobs are equal in terms of work or equal value.
To form a comprehensive picture, at RoleMapper, we advise organisations to use their job architecture to build up their job groupings in three ways:
First, identify jobs of equal work.
Grouping jobs together of equal work involves identifying jobs where the same work is being done. These are usually jobs with the same job title and/or the same job description. For example, two HR Business Partner jobs might face off to different parts of the organisation, but the job content of their roles is essentially the same, as are the job titles and job descriptions. These groupings could exist as job families in some organisations.
Grouping jobs together doing similar work involves identifying jobs that are doing similar work at a similar level or jobs with similar characteristics. Organisations need to understand which jobs are similar both in terms of the work but also in terms of one or more of the factors that make up the value of a job, i.e. skill, effort, responsibility and working conditions. These are the objective job evaluation criteria outlined stated in the Directive
Finally, identify jobs of equal value.
A job grouping with jobs of equal value would include all roles where the value, as determined by objective criteria (skills, effort, responsibility, and working conditions), is equal.
Whereas jobs in the previous category may be similar in only one factor, jobs of equal value are similar when summing up all the factors. If an organisation uses a structured job evaluation process, a way of assessing whether jobs are of equal value would be whether the scores at the end of the process are similar or equal.
To illustrate, this diagram shows the output of a job evaluation process on three roles.
The jobs have different scores in the four factors, but the total value is the same. They are therefore of equal value.
If organisations don’t currently use a structured job evaluation process, they will need to ensure that there is some way of assessing the total value of jobs to determine whether they are of equal value.
What this means is that organisations will need to have the ability to look at the value of their jobs across the whole organisation. There will need to be a way of finding jobs that on the surface may have no similarities at all, but could actually be deemed to be of equal value.
In some high profile (and high cost to the organisation) recent court cases, examples of different jobs which have been ruled by the courts to be of equal value include:
These examples show that a wide range of jobs can be categorised at the same level in terms of value and therefore pay.
In the previous section, we discussed different ways to form job groupings. The reason for identifying these groupings is to see if there are any pay anomalies within the groupings that need to be addressed.
The reality of the EU Directive is that employees can request to see the pay level of other employees whose jobs are at the same level of value. So organisations need to have a way of easily grouping jobs of equal value to address any pay anomalies in advance of the legislation.
However, for many organisations, there are some key obstacles:
Many organisations think they can rely on job titles as a mechanism to identify jobs of equal value. Whilst this can be a good starting point, there are usually issues with the state of job titling across organisations that make this approach problematic:
Inconsistent job titles: For many organisations, job titles are a bit of a mess. With no central framework for job titles, it can be challenging to easily group jobs together in this way.
An example there might be two roles called Data Scientist and Data Engineer, which, despite the different job titles, are very similar in terms of job content. If these roles sit in separate areas of the organisation, their similarity may not be immediately apparent, and they could end up in different job groupings.
Another example of two seemingly different jobs involving similar work might be a Project Manager role and a Change Manager role. Despite the different job titles, the job content could actually show many similarities.
Same job title, different job: For those organisations that do have a structured job title framework, it is often the case that this is not consistently applied across the organisation, so it is very likely that anomalies exist.
There is often not a great deal of governance around job titling, which means that local job titles will not match the standard job title. For example, we hear a lot of examples where managers have used the job profile title to get the appropriate level (and salary) for a role, but then created a job that is fundamentally different to the original intended job title.
Same job title, different value of work: The next challenge is where jobs have the same title, but a fundamentally different level of work is involved. For example, take a Project Manager in an Engineering team vs a Project Manager in Finance. It is highly likely there will be a difference in the skill levels and responsibility involved in projects managing scrum teams or technology development, compared to the skills and experience required to project manage Finance projects.
These skills and experience would be reflected in availability and price in the marketplace. If relying on job title alone, these jobs would appear to be of equal value. But if both roles were evaluated using a structured process, the difference in their value would become apparent.
Therefore, relying on job titles to identify job groupings will not be enough to comply with the requirements of the Directive. It could cause issues with accuracy of reporting and open an organisation up to risk.
Although job descriptions aren’t explicitly mentioned in the Directive, they are the fundamental building blocks for job evaluation and the creation of job groupings.
Job descriptions outline the key responsibilities and requirements of a role, which is used to determine the objective criteria (skills, level of responsibility, effort and working conditions) for job evaluation. They are therefore a critical input for determining job groupings.
However, there are also fundamental issues with job descriptions in organisations:
Lack of consistency - Often, there is no standardised process, format, or central repository for job descriptions. Different teams create their versions, leading to duplication and inconsistency. For example, multiple versions of a Project Manager job description may exist, each with varied content despite describing the same role.
No overall governance or audit trail - There’s also often a lack of centralised oversight for the job description process. Changes are typically made through endless email chains with tracked changes, making it nearly impossible to decipher who made what changes and when. This chaotic approach leads to confusion, inefficiency and inadequate records.
Out of date - Job descriptions frequently fail to reflect the current skills required for a role. They may be outdated or written by someone unfamiliar with the role. An up-to-date job description is essential for accurately determining which job groupings a role should be in.
There are some key ways that technology can be leveraged to help organisations identify job groupings.
Enabling disparate job content to be consolidated in one place
We are using automated text extraction tools to pull structured information from unstructured data sources, like PDFs or scanned job descriptions provided by clients. These tools extract relevant fields (e.g. job titles, job description, requirements, etc) and convert them into a structured format for further processing.
This means that all the job descriptions for an organisation can be pulled together in a central location and structured in a consistent format. This is a fundamental starting point for determining which jobs are of equal value.
Machine learning can then be used to automatically cluster and classify roles based on historical data to build an intelligent role taxonomy. This helps with grouping similar roles and ensuring consistent use of terms across different job descriptions.
Using AI and Natural Language Processing to identify similarities and commonalities in job roles
Often, job content is static bits of data housed on a spreadsheet. It is challenging to manually analyse this to find similarities in job roles.
We are leveraging advancements in AI and Natural Language Processing to process large data sets from across an organisation and rapidly identify similarities and commonalities in job roles. This enables the creation of groupings which might not be apparent on the surface.
This technology enables organisations to look across their whole organisation to rapidly identify:
These can then form the focus of further analysis from a pay point of view to see if there are disparities that need to be urgently addressed.
As companies prepare to meet the European Pay Transparency Directive's requirements for pay reporting and disclosure, those with a job architecture in place and well-defined job groupings will find themselves at a significant advantage. Not only do these groupings facilitate more accurate pay gap analysis, but they also provide a structured framework for explaining pay differences based on objective criteria – a key requirement under the new legislation.
However, for many organisations, identifying job groupings can be a challenging process because of factors such as a chaotic job titling structure and inconsistent, ungoverned and out-of-date job descriptions.
In today’s business environment, workforce planning is far more than a numbers game. It’s about placing the right people with the right skills into the right roles — both for today and for the future. So, how can organisations achieve this level of alignment and agility? The solution is to establish a robust, future-focused, skills-based job architecture.
At its core, a job architecture is a structured framework that defines job roles, job families, job levels, and the relationships between them. It’s the backbone of an organisation’s people strategy, providing clarity and consistency across everything from pay and progression to skills mapping and compliance.
However, in many organisations, job data is chaotic. Rapid growth, mergers, or a lack of governance often lead to a proliferation of job titles, inconsistent levels, and unclear career pathways. Without a solid job architecture in place, workforce planning becomes guesswork and organisations risk falling behind on everything from pay transparency and pay equity to compliance.
1. Clarity and Consistency
A well-designed job architecture brings order to chaos. By standardising job titles and defining clear job families and levels, organisations can ensure that their workforce data is consistent and comparable across departments. This consistency is crucial for accurate workforce analysis, enabling HR teams to spot trends in headcount, turnover, and diversity, and to make data-driven decisions about future recruitment needs.
2. Skills Mapping and Gap Analysis
Workforce planning shouldn’t be just about filling seats; there needs to also be a focus on building capabilities. A well-designed job architecture helps with this by linking every role to a skills taxonomy, making it easy to identify the skills most needed, pinpoint areas of skill shortages, and track how these needs evolve over time. This visibility over the entire skills landscape allows organisations to identify skills gaps, plan targeted development programs, and ensure they have the talent required to meet future business goals.
3. Pay Transparency and Competitive Pay Benchmarking
With pay transparency legislation increasing worldwide, organisations must be able to justify how they reward employees and how pay progression occurs as employees transition between job roles. A job architecture provides a framework for determining the value of different roles and benchmarking salaries against the external market. This not only supports compliance but also helps attract and retain top talent by ensuring pay is fair and competitive.
4. Enabling Internal Mobility and Career Pathways
A powerful benefit of a job architecture is its ability to show employees potential career pathways. When roles and skills are clearly defined, employees can see how they might move from one role to another, leveraging their transferable skills. According to LinkedIn’s 2020 Global Talent Trends study, companies with active internal career management programs have 41% higher retention rates. A job architecture is the foundation for these programs, making it easier for employees to navigate their careers and for organisations to support internal mobility.
5. Streamlining Compliance and Reporting
From pay equity to diversity reporting, regulatory requirements are growing more complex. A job architecture makes compliance reporting more straightforward and less error-prone by providing a single source of truth for job data. When new legislation is introduced, organisations can respond quickly and confidently, knowing their job data is accurate and up-to-date.
While the benefits are clear, building and maintaining a job architecture can be daunting, especially if done manually. Some organisations spend over a year on this task, only for the data to become outdated by the time they finish. That’s where technology solutions come in - leveraging the latest advances in AI and language technology, RoleMapper helps organisations cleanse, transform, and govern their job architecture efficiently, ensuring it stays current and relevant.
Explore how RoleMapper can help you build and maintain a future-proof job architecture to enhance strategic workforce planning
With many organisations increasing their focus on fairness, inclusion and employee engagement, it's understandable that pay transparency has become a key business issue; not to mention it is also being driven by a growing body of legislation mandating greater openness around pay.
From the EU Pay Transparency Directive to new laws emerging across various US states and cities, regulatory requirements are pushing employers to take a more structured and transparent approach to how pay is communicated and managed.
But does salary transparency actually drive positive change?
A range of studies provides compelling evidence of the positive effects of pay transparency in the workplace, highlighting a host of key benefits, ranging from reducing pay gaps to employee satisfaction.
Pay transparency is increasingly recognised as a powerful tool for closing wage gaps, particularly those based on gender and ethnicity. A 2021 Canadian study found that implementing pay transparency requirements can reduce these disparities by 20 - 40%. Similarly, a 2022 study published in Nature Human Behaviour showed that when organisations publicly disclose pay information, gender wage gaps tend to narrow significantly. By making salaries more visible, salary transparency empowers employees to identify inequities - creating social and organisational pressure for employers to address them.
Salary transparency also improves employee morale and builds trust between employees and employers. According to a Glassdoor survey, two-thirds (67%) of workers believe that pay transparency is beneficial for business, and a further 71% think that openness about pay is beneficial for employee satisfaction. A 2018 study analysed survey data from a diverse sample of employees and found that the amount of pay information shared by employers was positively related to both pay satisfaction and trust in management
When employees understand the “why” behind their salary and how to progress, it fosters a sense of fairness and clarity, even if the pay itself doesn’t change immediately.
In a competitive job market, candidates increasingly demand clear salary information before applying. Organisations that are upfront about pay are seen as more trustworthy and progressive, making them more attractive to skilled job seekers. Salary transparency can also streamline the recruitment process, reducing mismatched expectations and wasted time for both parties.
While pay transparency offers clear benefits, it also presents challenges. Without clear justification for differences in pay, it can expose uncomfortable truths and lead to frustration rather than trust. If organisations lack objective performance frameworks or fail to communicate pay decisions effectively, transparency can backfire, negatively impacting morale, retention, and even productivity. In some cases, it may also lead to wage compression, not by lifting lower salaries, but by limiting increases at the top.
The effectiveness of pay transparency depends on several factors:
The case for pay transparency is growing along with the legal requirements. When underpinned by fair pay structures, clear communication, and consistent practice, it can drive equity, trust, and performance.
We offer a range of pay transparency resources, including our guide, A Roadmap to Prepare for the EU Pay Transparency Directive.
We also run a weekly on-demand webinar, The EU Pay Transparency Directive: Impact & Roadmap, looks at:
Organisations face increasing pressure to attract, retain and develop top talent whilst maintaining fairness and transparency. With numerous changes and shifts occurring with global compliance requirements and the transition to skills, one of the most effective tools for achieving these goals is job levelling.
The benefits of job levelling are many and varied. Not only does it create a shared language for understanding roles across teams, business units and geographies, but also a structured and scalable process that defines and categorises roles based on factors such as level of responsibility, organisational impact and the skills required for the role.
A well-designed job levelling framework forms the foundation for fair and equitable pay. By assigning roles to specific levels or grades, based on objective criteria, organisations can ensure that employees performing work of equal or similar value are rewarded consistently, regardless of their department or function. This not only minimises any pay inequalities but also supports compliance with pay equity and pay transparency legislation, such as the upcoming EU Pay Transparency Directive. We know that when employees trust that pay decisions are fair and transparent, morale and engagement improve, whilst the risk of grievances or legal challenges decreases.
Job levelling provides employees with a clear roadmap for career progression. When each level in a framework is associated with defined skills, competencies, and responsibilities, individuals can more easily understand what is required to progress to the next stage of their career. This clarity is a powerful retention tool, as employees can see the steps needed for promotion and are more likely to remain with an organisation that invests in their development.
For HR teams, job levelling streamlines the management of job descriptions, performance metrics, and training needs. Standardised levels make it easier to benchmark roles internally and against the external market, supporting more informed decisions around recruitment, promotions, and pay.
Job levelling brings much-needed consistency to job titles, expectations, and responsibilities across the organisation. This uniformity helps managers and employees understand how different roles relate to each other and supports a common language for discussing work, performance and reward. Consistent frameworks also simplify decision making across recruitment, performance management and reward, reducing admin and the risk of arbitrary or biased decisions.
As organisations shift towards skills-based talent strategies, job levelling provides a structured way to define roles based on the skills and competencies required. This approach enables more agile workforce planning and helps organisations respond quickly to changing business needs by identifying and developing the right skills in their employees.
Job levelling creates greater organisational agility by giving leaders and HR teams visibility of the distribution of roles, skills and work being done across their organisation. These insights support succession planning and internal mobility, enabling proactive actions to address skills gaps and build a future-ready workforce.
As mentioned above, having a job levelling framework in place helps with workforce planning and determining appropriate pay levels. One outcome of this is that organisations are less likely to underpay or overpay for roles, reducing inefficiencies and risk.
A job levelling framework therefore supports more accurate budgeting, ensures pay equity across similar positions and improves financial predictability. It also prevents “title inflation,” which can unnecessarily drive up payroll costs over time.
Job levelling is more than just an HR exercise, it is a strategic enabler for fairness, transparency and organisational effectiveness. By establishing clear frameworks for pay, progression and talent management, organisations can create a culture of trust and opportunity, ensuring they are well-positioned to succeed in a rapidly evolving world of work.
Job levelling, sometimes known as job evaluation or classification, is a key process for ensuring pay transparency within organisations. By systematically categorising roles based on objective criteria, such as skills, responsibilities, effort and impact, job levelling provides a foundation for fair and equitable reward practices.
With the EU Pay Transparency Directive due to take effect in June 2026, job levelling has become a critical tool for compliance with new regulations aimed at eliminating pay disparities.
The aim of pay transparency is to create openness around how pay decisions are made and ensure employees understand the rationale behind their compensation. It helps address unjustified pay gaps and promotes fairness across the workforce. Pay transparency is also a good tool for employee retention, with research showing that companies with internal salary transparency have the lowest rates of employees planning to find new roles in the next 12 months. Workers at these companies also boast the highest levels of job satisfaction.
However, achieving true pay transparency requires a structured approach to evaluating roles, which is where job levelling comes in.
Issues can arise in an organisation when ways of determining pay vary between teams or business units. The same role (e.g. Project Manager) may exist in many different teams, but if different processes determine the pay for each of these roles, this can lead to pay inequities. Job levelling provides organisations with a framework to assess the relative value of each role systematically.
Using objective criteria such as skills, effort, responsibility, and working conditions to determine the level of a job ensures that pay decisions are based on legitimate factors rather than subjective biases or arbitrary classifications.
A structured, organisation-wide job levelling approach makes it easier to justify pay differences between roles or individuals and helps ensure that employees performing equal work or work of equal value are rewarded equitably.
Job levelling provides organisations with a framework to assess the relative value of each role, systematically
Without job levelling, organisations can be vulnerable to accusations of bias or non-compliance with legislation such as the EU Pay Transparency Directive.
Understanding the EU Pay Transparency Directive
The EU Pay Transparency Directive represents a significant step forward in tackling pay inequity. It aims to address the EU gender pay gap, which currently stands at 12%, although there is much variation between member states.
The key provisions of the Directive include:
The Directive states that organisations should use gender-neutral criteria to evaluate jobs and ensure transparency in pay structures. While it does not explicitly require job levelling frameworks, it strongly emphasises the need for structured approaches to categorising roles based on objective, gender-neutral factors.
The guidance refers to the fact that “where gender-neutral job evaluation and classification systems are used… they are effective in establishing a transparent pay system and are instrumental in ensuring that direct or indirect discrimination on grounds of sex is excluded”.
Other Benefits of Job Levelling
A well-implemented job levelling framework has other benefits beyond pay transparency compliance:
In summary, as global expectations around pay transparency continue to rise, investing in robust job levelling frameworks will not only ensure compliance with legislation but also yield significant organisational benefits. These include streamlining HR processes, enhancing employee retention by providing clear career progression opportunities and creating a culture of fairness and trust among employees.
To learn more about Job levelling and the EU Pay Transparency Directive, join one of our on-demand webinars, or download our guide, A Roadmap to the EU Pay Transparency Directive.
Job levelling, also referred to as job evaluation or job classification, is a structured process used by organisations to evaluate and categorise roles based on their responsibilities, required skills, and impact on the organisation.
Job levelling can be used to provide clarity around career progression, ensure equitable pay practices and align roles with organisational goals. From an employee perspective, it helps to make clear what is expected of them in a particular role and how their work and responsibilities fit into the broader company structure.
In this blog, we explore the benefits of job levelling, the different methods that can be used, some of the key levelling frameworks (such as WTW and Radford Aon) and a high-level approach to implementing a job levelling framework.
Job levelling is important for organisations for many reasons:
There are several different job levelling methods used by organisations, which range from very structured processes based on quantitative data to more informal, less structured systems that utilise qualitative data.
Here are some of the most common:
Ranking or job slotting
In this method, positions are directly assigned to predetermined grades or salary levels based on a quick comparison with benchmark positions. Job descriptions are compared to established role profiles and then placed in the most appropriate grade or level.
This method is faster and less resource-intensive than other job levelling methods, making it particularly useful for smaller organisations or when evaluating new positions. However, it can be less precise and more subjective than other levelling methods, potentially raising concerns about accuracy and fairness.
Job classification
Job classification is a more structured approach which involves systematically categorising positions into grades based on predefined criteria. In contrast to job slotting, it uses a more detailed analysis of job characteristics against established grade definitions.
This approach can produce greater consistency across similar roles, a clearer organisational structure, and standardised pay ranges.
The drawbacks are that implementation can be time-consuming, while the potential rigidity in level definition can make it a challenge to accommodate unique roles. It’s also a system which requires regular reviews to maintain relevance.
Factor comparison method
Factor comparison is a quantitative job levelling method that evaluates jobs by comparing them against factors or criteria (such as skills, effort, responsibility, and working conditions). It involves evaluating jobs on a factor-by-factor basis.
This is a more analytical and detailed job levelling approach which better supports pay equity and pay transparency. It’s also more effective for unique jobs because each role is considered individually.
The potential downsides are that factor comparison can be complex, time-consuming, and requires significant expertise to implement. It can also be expensive to maintain, and HR teams may face resistance due to its complexity.
Point factor method
The point factor method is essentially an evolution of the factor comparison method. It builds on factor comparison by assigning numerical points to factors. Each factor (such as skill, effort, responsibility) is broken down into levels, with specific points allocated to each level.
A questionnaire is developed so that points can be assigned for each factor for a job role. The points are then added up to produce a score. This score is then matched against the levelling structure to determine the job level. Each level has a predefined total score range, so the jobs are automatically sorted into levels via their total score.
This method allows organisations to adjust the relationship between points and pay more easily. The structured nature of this method provides greater objectivity and consistency in evaluations. It still requires significant time investment in developing and maintaining the point system and factor definitions.
This approach focuses on external data, using job descriptions to compare jobs to identical or similar positions in the external marketplace. Pay data is collected from published sources and the value of the position within the competitive market is determined.
This approach helps organisations to consider their positioning on compensation and is used by many companies to assess internal pay equity and the competitive value of individual positions.
Many job levelling frameworks have been developed – based on some of the methods outlined above - to help organisations with job levelling. Here are some of the key ones:
Radford (Aon) Job Levelling Framework
The Radford job levelling framework is a globally recognised system that categorises jobs into six levels: Entry (P1), Developing (P2), Career (P3), Advanced (P4), Expert (P5), and Principal (P6). These levels are applied across career tracks such as Professional, Support, Technical, and Managerial roles, allowing organisations to differentiate between individual contributors and managerial positions while maintaining internal equity and market alignment.
Radford evaluates and levels jobs using key factors including:
Willis Towers Watson Global Grading System
The Willis Towers Watson (WTW) Global Grading System (GGS) is a robust job levelling framework operates on a scale of up to 25 grades. The framework uses a two-step process: banding and grading. Banding places jobs within a hierarchical structure based on their contribution to the organisation, while grading evaluates roles against seven key factors:
Korn Ferry Hay Method
The Korn Ferry Hay Method is another widely used framework for evaluating and comparing job roles across organisations. It employs a point-factor methodology to assess jobs based on three core elements:
Each of these elements is scored using detailed charts, and the total score determines the job's level within an organisation's grading or levelling structure. The method also incorporates checks to ensure logical relationships between roles in hierarchical structures, such as comparing knowledge depth and management breadth between a role and its supervisor.
Implementing a job levelling framework can be a complex process. Here are the key steps you recommend you take:
RoleArchitect makes it easy for Managers to create new jobs aligned to your levelling and evaluation framework. It also automates your job levelling and evaluation methodology , aligns job description content to your levelling framework, and automates approval workflows to reduce time and help govern your levelling process.
For organisations looking to review job levelling for the EU Pay Transparency Directive, download our roadmap to compliance.
A skills-first approach provides solutions to several key organisational challenges, as emerging technologies and evolving customer behaviour are reshaping work.
As skills requirements change, organisations need to be more agile, able to redeploy employees where their skills are most effective, improve recruitment and retention practices, and align learning and development (L&D) with skills needs in a skills-first approach.
In this article, we’ll present the business case for a skills-first approach, supported by data showing a return on investment (ROI), and provide examples of brands that have successfully pioneered this strategy.
Understanding the importance of a skills-first approach in today’s workforce is crucial.
There are several key data points you can use to build your business case for a skills-first approach. Here are a few examples:
Workforce Planning
Mapping the distribution of skills requirements across your organisation provides you with a more informed view to support redeployment and development pathways into priority skills areas.
By deconstructing jobs and breaking them down into individual tasks and activities, it becomes easier to highlight the specific skills required for each task. In this way, alternative career paths can be created based on resources and directed towards areas where skills are most needed.
This skills-led organisational design enables a more flexible resourcing model that can better meet the needs of your service delivery requirements and adapt to changes in demand. It can also support a truly agile project management and delivery approach.
Creation of Career Paths
The CIPD estimates that the average rate of employee churn in the UK is 34%. A skills-first approach can address this issue through increased internal mobility.
33% of leavers resign due to career growth and development reasons, and these are often more highly skilled and ambitious employees who are more costly to replace.
A compelling business case data point is to look at your eNPS score and leaver data to show whether your employees feel that they have access to career opportunities or if it was a reason for leaving.
Providing career advancement opportunities improves retention, with a skills-based approach being a key factor. Adopting a skills-based approach to providing linear and lateral career pathing and work opportunities can save up to £1.5m in retention costs.
Identifying and defining skills proficiency requirements across jobs and levels provides a framework for career pathways, with employees able to see opportunities for linear and lateral career moves.
Workers who have made an internal move at their organisation after two years have a 75% chance of remaining there, compared to 56% for those who have not.
Skills-Based Hiring
Research has shown that hiring for skills is five times more predictive of job performance than hiring for education, and more than twice as predictive than hiring for work experience.
A compelling business case data point is to identify the number and cost of hires who left within 12 months. This is often a good indicator of inconsistencies in the assessment process – where an unstructured process not aligned to the specific skills requirement has been taken.
Indeed, research shows that employees leaving within 12 months is often due to a lack of structured assessment processes and poor hiring decisions.
A skills-first approach provides a more consistent and fair approach. Mapping skills enables the identification of priority skills proficiency requirements and is a better indicator for interviews and assessment. This enables a much more robust approach to hiring, which in turn reduces the cost of bad hires.
There is plenty of data to support the case for skills-based hiring:
Performance Management
Poor performance can cost organisations millions in lost productivity. The cost of poor management and lost productivity from disengaged U.S. employees is estimated to be between $960 billion and $1.2 trillion per year.
Performance issues can also have a damaging, ripple effect across your entire business through loss of productivity, widespread loss of motivation, and a decrease in customer satisfaction. Other employees may become disengaged and resentful, leading to an increase in absence and staff turnover.
Another compelling business case data point is to review the number of average and/or under performers you have in the business. Low performance leads to low productivity, which results in lower profitability.
A skills-based approach enhances performance management, making it more robust and effective for both performance and career conversations and allows these issues to be addressed directly. Mapping skills and the specific skills proficiency requirements for your roles provides the baseline for performance in role and framework to support performance management decisions.
Learning & Development
A centralised view of skills distribution enables targeted L&D to support future workforce needs. This in turn helps you optimise your L&D budget, ensuring a focus on addressing the most in-demand and skills gaps.
A skills-based approach identifies gaps, ensuring training is targeted effectively. By directly addressing employee needs, it can also be more effective, thanks to higher employee engagement.
As you build your business case, highlighting your L&D budget and any wastage can be a compelling data point.
Compensation, Pay Equity & Pay Transparency
Pay equity issues often occur when pay does not keep pace with the actual responsibilities and tasks of a specific role, or where certain types of skills are undervalued. By connecting skill proficiency and performance with pay, we can remove bias from compensation decisions, which in turn, helps to ensure pay equity.
In addition, a key requirement of the EU Pay Transparency Directive is to show pay progression criteria. This is effectively the need to show the skill proficiency criteria as you go up and down a grade.
Mapping skills and detailing the skill proficiencies provides clarity on requirements for performance and progression in role and satisfies reporting requirements for pay transparency legislation.
Diversity, Equity & Inclusion
A skills-first approach helps to remove bias. Making decisions about hiring, pay, promotions, succession, and deployment based on people’s skills rather than their job history, tenure in the job, or network reduces bias and improves fairness.
From a recruitment perspective, focusing on skills opens recruitment processes to a greater range of candidates and increases inclusivity. Indeed, one study estimates that organisations can increase their talent pool up to 20x with a skills-first approach.
The same LinkedIn study found that transparency around skills encouraged more women to apply for jobs. The increase in women applying was 1.8x that observed in men, with a similar impact on hiring outcomes.
84% of employees agree that skills-based hiring can help prevent bias in hiring, while 90% feel they are more likely to secure their dream job because of it. 81% say it has helped them gain access to new employment opportunities.
A skills-based approach can deliver a range of benefits for organisations. Improved hiring and retention can deliver a direct return on investment, leading to a more diverse workforce, while the greater agility and improved capabilities can directly impact business performance.
RoleMapper's Skills Innovation Partnership can fast-track the shift to skills by co-creating and building innovative AI and technology solutions to support people strategies and overcome process challenges.
In today’s competitive job market, retaining top talent is more challenging than ever, and well-defined career paths play a crucial role in keeping employees engaged and committed to their organisation.
Employee retention is one of the biggest challenges facing organisations today. High turnover disrupts productivity, increases hiring costs, and leads to the loss of valuable institutional knowledge.
There are several reasons for high staff turnover, such as working conditions, dissatisfaction with management, and pay, but lack of career advancement opportunities is a major factor.
According to LinkedIn, 93% of organizations are concerned with employee retention, yet many organisations are not addressing this issue by promoting internal mobility.
Just 15% of employees say their organisation encouraged them to move to a new role, while only 14% had been encouraged to build a new career development plan.
Employees want to know they have a future within their organisation, and internal mobility is key to this. When career progression feels uncertain or unattainable, they are more likely to look elsewhere for opportunities. CIPD research found that three in ten UK employees leave their roles within the first year, with a lack of career development being a key driver.
Career development is also linked to some of the other drivers of staff churn. For example, clearly mapped career paths help employees see a way to progress from current roles, easing concerns around pay.
Career pathing provides a roadmap, helping employees see how they can progress within the organisation, which increases motivation and reduces attrition.
After two years in a role, an employee who has made internal advancement is almost 20% more likely to stay with the organisation than one who hasn’t.
Career pathing plays a crucial role in employee engagement. It provides a roadmap for professional growth,helping employees see a clear future within the organisation. When employees know their potential career paths, they are likely to feel more motivated and committed to their roles.
Employees understand how their current role fits into their long-term career, increasing motivation and commitment.
A career path should show employees the demands and requirements of each role in the potential path, so they know the demands of the job and the progression criteria for moving from one job to the next.
This includes the scope, responsibilities, and requirements (such as knowledge, skills, and competencies). Employees should be aware of the types of skills required and the required proficiency for potential progression.
This feeds into career development, and the need to equip employees with new skills and knowledge that allows them to take on more responsibilities and engage in more rewarding work. It is also why employers see the provision of learning opportunities as the main method of increasing staff retention.
A strong career pathing strategy helps to create this culture of continuous learning. Employees who see growth opportunities are more likely to stay, reducing turnover. As a result, morale and job satisfaction improve. Employees also feel valued and invested in by their employer, strengthening their connection to the organisation.
A strong career pathing strategy doesn’t just benefit employees; it also helps organisations become more agile by enabling redeployment in response to changing business needs.
By mapping internal career pathways, companies can:
An organisation's skills strategy plays a vital role in career pathing by providing visibility into workforce skills, enabling the creation of more advanced career paths.
A skills framework provides a structured, data-driven approach to defining job roles, skill requirements, and career progression opportunities. By mapping skills and proficiency levels across different roles, organisations can create career pathways that align with business needs and employee aspirations.
Detailed skills data shows the type of skills and the level of proficiency for each skill, allowing organisations to map more sophisticated and dynamic career routes.
This enables vertical and lateral career paths and increases organisational resilience to change, as internal mobility can be based on skills rather than qualifications or tenure.
Implementing more advanced career pathing requires a solid foundation, with centralised and standardised job descriptions and job data, and a well-defined job architecture.
Many organisations struggle with fragmented job data, where job titles, descriptions, and progression opportunities lack consistency.
For more advanced career pathing, which identifies the full range of opportunities for internal mobility, a view of skills across an organisation, with detailed data on proficiencies and consistent description of skills, is vital.
Although some of this work can theoretically be done manually, it is resource-heavy and time-consuming. Technology accelerates the creation of skills frameworks, streamlines job description management, and strengthens career pathing.
With retention a key concern for many organisations, career pathing and employee development help organisations address key causes of staff turnover.
Career pathing also helps to build a more engaged, motivated, and skilled workforce, which is ready to adapt to change where required. Businesses can benefit through the retention of top talent, lower hiring costs, and improved stability.
RoleMapper's Skills Innovation Partnership can help enable the development of advanced career paths through greater visibility of skills.
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